1. Introduction Aquaculture is the controlled cultivation or farming of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. The purpose is to create a source of aquatic-sourced food and commercial products in a way that will increase availability while reducing environmental harm and protecting various aquatic species. There are several different kinds of aquaculture that each has varying degrees of sustainability. Rising global populations and income will continue to increase demand for fish. And with wild catch levels essentially flat, all increases in fish and seafood production have come from aquaculture. While aquaculture does face challenges such as sea lice and pollution many players in the industry are actively working to address its challenges. Aquaculture—Four Approaches There are four major approaches to aquaculture seen today: near-shore open pens, experimental offshore open pens, land-based “closed” systems, and “ancient” open systems. 1. NEAR-SHORE OPEN PENS. The near-s...